PU LMS

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the study that enables us to make machines behave somewhat like human beings, i.e., they can perceive new stimuli from their environments, and can make intelligent decisions that lead to rational actions by them.

In this course, we first try to create an interest in this field within students and try to show how this field has roots in various branches of knowledge such as psychology, philosophy, economics, math, and many others. We try to develop an understanding of basic search techniques, both uninformed and informed (heuristic-based) search techniques. We then try to introduce students to basic concepts related to games and adversarial search (mostly related to deterministic games). After that we build on concepts related to constraint satisfaction, using examples like map colouring to explain the basic concepts. We then move on to first-order logic, then decision trees for classification and concepts related to machine learning. This course aims to:

a) To appreciate the origins of the field of AI, along with some major milestones in this field of AI over the years.

b) To understand the basics of informed and uninformed search strategies, and why sometimes there is a tradeoff between memory requirements and performance.

c) To understand basic constraint satisfaction problems, and how to solve them.

d) To provide an initial understanding of fields such as classification and regression, first-order logic and machine learning.

Introduction to Problem Solving, Algorithms, Programming, and C Language: Problem Solving, a brief review of Von-Neumann Architecture., The C Programming Language, Pseudocode, Concept of Variable, Data types in Pseudo-code, The C Standard Library and Open Source, Input/Output, Arithmetic expressions, Assignment statement, Operator precedence, Concept of Integer division, Flowchart and its notations, Typical C Program Development Environment, Role of Compiler and Linker, Test Driving C Application. Introduction to C Programming: A Simple C Program: Printing Text, Adding Two Integer, Memory Concepts, Arithmetic in C, Operators. Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators. Structured Program Development: The if, if…else, while Nested Control Statements. Program Control: for, switch, do…while, break, continue, Logical Operators. Functions: Modularizing Program in C, Math Library Functions, Function Definitions and Prototypes, Function-Call Stack and Stack Frames, Stack rolling and unrolling, Headers, Passing Arguments by Value and by Reference, Random Number Generation, Scope Rules, Recursion, Recursion vs Iteration. Arrays: Defining Arrays, Character Arrays, Static and Automatic Local Arrays, Passing Arrays to Function, Sorting and Searching Arrays, Multidimensional and Variable Length Arrays. Pointers: Pointer Definitions and Initialization, Pointer Operators, Passing Arguments to Function by Reference, Using the const and sizeof Operator, Pointer Expressions and Arithmetic, Pointers and Arrays, Array of Pointers, Function Pointers. Characters and Strings: Strings and Characters, Character Handling Library, String Functions, Library Functions. Formatted Input/Output: Streams, Formatted Output with printf, Formatted Input with scanf. Structures: Defining Structures, Accessing Structure Member, Structures and Functions, typedef, Unions. Bit Manipulation and Enumeration: Bitwise Operators, Bit Fields, Enumeration Constants. File Processing: Files and Streams, Creating, Reading and Writing data to a Sequential and a Random-Access File. Preprocessor: #include, #define, Conditional Compilation, #error and #pragma, # and ## Operators, Predefined Symbolic Constants, Assertions. Other Topics: Variable Length Argument List, Using Command Line Arguments, Compiling Multiple-Source-File Programs, Program Termination with exit and atexit, Suffixes for Integer and Floating-Point Literals, Signal Handling, Dynamic Memory Allocation calloc and realloc, goto. Advance Topics: SelfReferential Structures, Linked Lists. Efficiency of Algorithms, Selection and Insertion Sort